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Planar Magnetic Technology for Headphones Planar magnetic technology is being revived by a few specialist HiFi audio companies. These companies manufacture headphones that feature planar drivers that are based on the old school that deliver the most powerful, full-bodied sound signature. This paper analyzes the core properties of a planar magnet device by looking at winding conduction losses leakage inductance, and winding capacitance. A method is also suggested to reduce these parasitic elements. Low vertical height or low profile In comparison to traditional wire-wound magnetics, planar magnetic technology offers lower profile and greater efficiency. It also reduces parasitic capacitance and leakage inductance. This technique allows for a smaller core to be utilized, which reduces the cost of the device. It also doesn't require that the magnets be clamped. This makes it suitable for use in power electronics devices. Another benefit of planar magnetic technology is that it is smaller and lighter than traditional headphones. It also can handle a wider range of frequencies without distortion. This is due to the diaphragm that is flat in these devices is usually made from a thin film with a conductor trace. This film can react quickly to audio signals and create high sound pressure levels. The audio generated by these devices will be richer and more precise. This is why they are preferred by many audiophiles, specifically those who want to listen to music in their home or office. It is important to keep in mind that a planar magnet driver requires a powered amplifier and digital audio converter to function effectively. The sound is more natural and precise when compared to dynamic drivers. Planar magnetic drivers are capable of responding to changes in audio signals quicker, which makes them ideal for listening fast music. Despite their benefits, planar magnetic drivers have many disadvantages. One is their high price that can be attributed to the massive amount of magnetic material required to run. Another issue is their weight and size which could be a problem when trying to make them portable. Wide band gap (WBG), devices Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are a type of material which have higher electrical properties than conventional silicon-based devices. They are able to withstand higher current densities as well as higher voltages and lower switching losses. They are therefore ideal for optoelectronics and power electronic applications. Wide band gap semiconductors like gallium nitride and silicon carbide can provide significant enhancements in performance, size and cost. They are also more eco green than conventional silicon-based products. These advantages make them attractive to satellite and aerospace manufacturers. Planar magnetic drivers operate using the same fundamental principles as dynamic drivers, and rely on an electrical conductor that moves between fixed magnets whenever audio signals are transmitted through them. Planar magnetic drivers, however, employ a flat array with conductors embedded or attached to a thin film-like diaphragm instead of coils. The conductors are a set of coils' that sit on the diaphragm and sit directly between two magnets. This creates the push/pull effect that causes the diaphragm to move. This technology produces a clear, distortion-free music reproduction and has distinct sound that a lot of listeners find pleasing. The driver is able to move uniformly and swiftly due to the uniform distribution of magnetic force over the entire surface and absence of a coil behind the diaphragm. This produces a detailed and precise sound. The resulting sound is known as isodynamic, orthodynamic, or magnetically-incident. Generally, headphones with magnetic drivers with planar design cost more than other technologies due to their complexity and price. However there are a variety of affordable, high-quality options such as the Rinko by Seeaudio and S12 / Z12 by LETSHUOER which have recently been released. Power electronics Contrary to conventional wire wound magnetic components planar magnetics are more efficient in dispersing heat. This lets them handle more power without causing undue strain or audible strain. This makes them ideal for use in headphones. In addition to their increased efficiency, planar magnets also provide greater power density. The technology is especially suitable for applications such as fast charging of electric vehicles as well as battery management, and military equipment. Planar magnetic drivers work on a different principle than dynamic driver headphones. Dynamic driver headphones utilize a diaphragm that is suspended by a voice coil. When an electromagnetic signal is sent through the array and the magnets on the opposite sides of the diaphragm get pushed together creating a push-pull phenomenon. created. This produces sound waves which move the diaphragm producing audio. Planar magnetic devices are more efficient than conventional magnetics because they have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. This means that they can disperse more heat, which allows them to operate at higher frequencies of switching without exceeding their maximum temperature ratings. They also have lower thermal sensitivities than wire-wound devices. This allows them to be used in smaller power electronic circuits. To optimize a planar-boost inductor, designers must consider several factors, including the fundamental design winding configuration, losses estimation and thermal modeling. The ideal inductor features include low winding capacitances, low leakage inductance, and simple integration into the PCB. It should also be able to handle high currents, and should be compact in size. In addition, the inductor must be compatible with a multilayer PCB using a through-hole or SMD package. The copper thickness must be sufficient to prevent thermal coupling and limit the eddy-currents between conductors. Flexible circuit-based planar winding based on flexible circuits In planar magnetics, flex circuit-based windings can be used to construct an efficient resonator. They are made from one-patterned dielectric film and one-patterned copper foil. Copper foil is a popular choice because it has excellent electrical properties. It is also processed to permit termination features both on the back and front. The conductors of a flex circuit are connected by thin lines which extend beyond the edges on the substrate. This allows for the flexibility required for tape-based automated bonding. Single-sided flex circuits are available in a wide range of thicknesses as well as conductive coatings. In a typical pair of headphones, a diaphragm sandwiched between two permanent magnets. These magnets oscillate in response to electric signals sent from your audio device. The magnetic fields create a sound wave that travels across the entire diaphragm's surface, creating a piston-like motion that helps prevent distortion and breakups. One of the primary advantages of planar magnetic headphones is their capacity to reproduce a wider frequency range, particularly in the lower frequencies. The reason for this is because they have a bigger surface area than traditional cone-shaped speakers, allowing them to move more air. Additionally, they can reproduce bass sounds with a greater level of clarity and detail. However they are expensive to produce and require a powered amplifier as well as a DAC to function correctly. They are also heavier and larger than standard drivers, making them difficult to transport or be able to fit into smaller spaces. Their low impedance requires a lot more power to drive, which can become a problem when listening to music at high volume. Stamped copper winding Stamped copper windings are utilized in planar magnet technology to increase the window utilization and reduce manufacturing costs. The technique involves placing grooves into the coil body to help support the windings at a layer-accurate location. This technique helps to prevent deformations in the coil and improves the tolerances. It also reduces the amount of scrap produced during production and enhances quality assurance. This type of planar coil is usually used in contactor coils and relay coils. It is also used in ignition coils and small transformers. It is also suitable for devices that have a wire thickness of up to 0.05 millimeters. The process of stamping produces an even winding with a high current density. The windings will be precisely placed. In contrast to traditional dynamic drivers, which use a conductor voicecoil behind the diaphragm to create sound waves the planar magnetic headphones comprise a range of flat conductors placed directly on the thin diaphragm. When electronic signals are applied, these conductors vibrate, causing an elongated motion that produces sound. In the end, planar magnetic headphones provide superior sound quality than other audio drivers. In addition to reducing weight and costs in addition, this technology can also increase the frequency of planar magnetic transducers. This is significant because it allows them to operate in a larger frequency range. It also reduces the power requirements of the driver. Nevertheless, there are some disadvantages to this new technology. For planar headphones , it can be difficult to make an ultra-thin diaphragm with a thin film that can withstand the high temperatures required for this kind of technology. Manufacturers like Wisdom Audio have overcome the challenge by developing a solution that is not adhesive and is able to withstand temperatures as high as 725 degrees Fahrenheit. This allows them to produce audio with the highest quality without compromising durability and longevity.